Military branches:

Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambian Army, Zambian Air Force, National Service (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription (2008)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 2,678,668
females age 16-49: 2,567,433 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,329,343
females age 16-49: 1,218,114 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

1.8% (2005 est.)