Economy - overview:

Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa and is landlocked with few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels, although poverty levels are higher now. GDP has rebounded and inflation has been curbed. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with population growth, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and obtained IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in 2005-06. Rwanda also received Millennium Challenge Account Threshold status in 2006. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment and pursuing market-oriented reforms, although energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap growth.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$8.44 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$3.32 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

6% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$900 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 36.9%
industry: 21.7%
services: 41.4% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

4.6 million (2000)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 90%
industry and services: 10% (2000)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Population below poverty line:

60% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 38.2% (2000)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

46.8 (2000)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

9.4% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

22.1% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $797 million
expenditures: $873.1 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Agriculture - products:

coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock

Industries:

cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Industrial production growth rate:

13.1% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

95 million kWh (2005)

Electricity - consumption:

198.4 million kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports:

10 million kWh (2005 est.)

Electricity - imports:

120 million kWh (2005)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:

5,300 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports:

0 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - imports:

5,165 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

54.32 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

-$161 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$167 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

coffee, tea, hides, tin ore

Exports - partners:

China 9.3%, Germany 7%, US 5.1% (2006)

Imports:

$585 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material

Imports - partners:

Kenya 19.6%, Uganda 6.9%, Germany 6.2%, Belgium 6.2%, China 5.2% (2006)

Economic aid - recipient:

$576 million (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$517 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$1.4 billion (2004 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA

Currency (code):

Rwandan franc (RWF)

Exchange rates:

Rwandan francs per US dollar - 585 (2007), 560 (2006), 610 (2005), 574.62 (2004), 537.66 (2003)

Fiscal year:

calendar year