Economy - overview:

Kuwait is a small, rich, relatively open economy with self-reported crude oil reserves of about 104 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 80% of government income. High oil prices in recent years have helped build Kuwait's budget and trade surpluses and foreign reserves. As a result of this positive fiscal situation, the need for economic reforms is less urgent and the government has not earnestly pushed through new initiatives. Despite its vast oil reserves, Kuwait experienced power outages during the summer months in 2006 and 2007 because demand exceeded power generating capacity. Power outages are likely to worsen, given its high population growth rates, unless the government can increase generating capacity. In May 2007 Kuwait changed its currency peg from the US dollar to a basket of currencies in order to curb inflation and to reduce its vulnerability to external shocks.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$130.1 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$111.3 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

4.6% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$39,300 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 0.3%
industry: 51.5%
services: 48.1% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

2.093 million
note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%

Unemployment rate:

2.2% (2004 est.)

Population below poverty line:

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

5% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

21.4% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $84.76 billion
expenditures: $36.8 billion (2007 est.)

Public debt:

7.8% of GDP (2007 est.)

Agriculture - products:

practically no crops; fish

Industries:

petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate:

2.2% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

41.11 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - consumption:

36.28 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2005)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2005)

Oil - production:

2.669 million bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:

333,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports:

2.2 million bbl/day (2004)

Oil - imports:

2,611 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:

101.5 billion bbl (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production:

11.8 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

11.8 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

1.521 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

$52.73 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$61.43 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

oil and refined products, fertilizers

Exports - partners:

Japan 19.5%, South Korea 17.4%, Taiwan 10.4%, Singapore 9.7%, US 8.2%, Netherlands 4.6%, China 4.6% (2006)

Imports:

$19.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing

Imports - partners:

US 12.9%, Japan 8.7%, Germany 7.5%, China 7.1%, Saudi Arabia 6.4%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.7%, India 4%, South Korea 4% (2006)

Economic aid - recipient:

$2.6 million (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$16.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$34.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$963 million (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$19.88 billion (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$128.9 billion (2006)

Currency (code):

Kuwaiti dinar (KD)

Exchange rates:

Kuwaiti dinars per US dollar - 0.2844 (2007), 0.29 (2006), 0.292 (2005), 0.2947 (2004), 0.298 (2003)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March