Population:

78,254,090
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 43.1% (male 16,932,540/female 16,818,931)
15-64 years: 54.1% (male 21,128,196/female 21,211,755)
65 years and over: 2.8% (male 979,166/female 1,183,502) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 18.1 years
male: 18 years
female: 18.2 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.231% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

36.8 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

14.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

NA
note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 90.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 99.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 49.43 years
male: 48.26 years
female: 50.64 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate:

4.99 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

4.4% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

1.5 million (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

120,000 (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)

Nationality:

noun: Ethiopian(s)
adjective: Ethiopian

Ethnic groups:

Oromo 32.1%, Amara 30.1%, Tigraway 6.2%, Somalie 5.9%, Guragie 4.3%, Sidama 3.5%, Welaita 2.4%, other 15.4% (1994 census)

Religions:

Christian 60.8% (Orthodox 50.6%, Protestant 10.2%), Muslim 32.8%, traditional 4.6%, other 1.8% (1994 census)

Languages:

Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (major foreign language taught in schools) (1994 census)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.7%
male: 50.3%
female: 35.1% (2003 est.)